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Dandruff

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What is Dandruff?

Dandruff is a common scalp condition that causes white or yellowish flakes of dead skin to shed from the scalp. It may be accompanied by itching and mild irritation. While dandruff is not contagious or serious, it can be persistent and may affect people of all ages.

Common Symptoms

* White or yellowish flakes on the scalp
* Itchy scalp
* Dry or oily scalp
* Mild redness or irritation
* Flakes visible on hair, shoulders, or clothing

Common Causes & Risk Factors

* Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast
* Oily scalp
* Dry skin
* Seborrheic dermatitis
* Infrequent shampooing
* Sensitivity to certain hair care products
* Stress and cold weather

Diagnosis

Dandruff is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination of the scalp by a dermatologist. In some cases, additional evaluation may be needed to rule out conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections.

Prevention

* Wash your hair regularly with a suitable shampoo.
* Keep the scalp clean and healthy.
* Avoid harsh hair care products that irritate the scalp.
* Manage stress and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
* Protect the scalp from excessive sun exposure.

When to See a Dermatologist

Consult a dermatologist if dandruff is severe, persistent, associated with intense itching, redness, hair loss, or does not improve with regular scalp care.

Note: Dandruff is a common and manageable scalp condition. Early evaluation and proper scalp care can help control symptoms and reduce recurring flaking.

Can dandruff cause your hair to fall out?
Dandruff itself does not directly cause hair loss. However, the intense itching it creates can lead to aggressive scratching, which can injure the hair follicles and cause temporary hair shedding.
Is dandruff a sign of a dry scalp?
Not necessarily. While dry skin can cause flaking, true dandruff is frequently linked to an oily scalp where a natural yeast called Malassezia feeds on excess sebum, accelerating skin cell shedding.
When should I see a dermatologist for dandruff?
You should consult a dermatologist if your dandruff is severe, persistent, causes intense itching or noticeable redness, leads to hair loss, or fails to improve with standard over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoos.