What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, long-term inflammatory skin condition that affects areas of the body rich in oil (sebaceous) glands. It causes redness, greasy scales, and flaky skin, most commonly on the scalp, face, and upper chest. When it affects the scalp, it is commonly known as dandruff. Although it can be persistent, it is not contagious.
Common Causes
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is associated with:
* Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast, which normally lives on the skin
* Excess oil (sebum) production
* Genetic predisposition
* Stress
* Cold or dry weather
* Certain neurological or medical conditions
* A weakened immune system
Symptoms
* White or yellowish greasy scales
* Dandruff on the scalp
* Red, inflamed skin
* Itching
* Flaky patches on the face or body
* Crusting in severe cases
* Symptoms that may improve and flare up over time
Commonly Affected Areas
* Scalp
* Eyebrows
* Eyelids
* Sides of the nose
* Behind the ears
* Beard and moustache area
* Chest
* Upper back
* Skin folds
Who is at Risk?
* Infants (cradle cap)
* Adults between 30 and 60 years of age
* People with oily skin
* Individuals with Parkinson’s disease or other neurological disorders
* People with HIV or weakened immune systems
* Those experiencing stress or fatigue
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on a clinical examination by a dermatologist. In some cases, additional tests may be performed to rule out conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, fungal infections, or other causes of scaling.
Prevention
* Wash the scalp and affected areas regularly with appropriate cleansers.
* Manage stress whenever possible.
* Avoid harsh skincare or hair products.
* Keep the skin clean and moisturized.
* Seek early medical advice if symptoms frequently recur.
When to See a Dermatologist
Consult a dermatologist if symptoms are severe, spread beyond the scalp, do not improve, frequently recur, become painful, or show signs of infection such as increased redness, swelling, or pus. Early evaluation helps confirm the diagnosis and prevent complications.
