What is a Sebaceous Cyst?
A sebaceous cyst, more accurately called an epidermoid cyst, is a common, slow-growing, non-cancerous lump that develops beneath the skin. It forms when skin cells become trapped under the surface instead of shedding normally. These cysts are usually painless but can become inflamed or infected, leading to redness, swelling, and discomfort.
Common Causes
Sebaceous (epidermoid) cysts may develop due to:
* Blockage of hair follicles or skin pores
* Trapped skin cells beneath the skin
* Skin injury or trauma
* Genetic conditions (rarely)
* Chronic irritation of the skin
These cysts are not contagious and cannot spread from one person to another.
Symptoms
* A smooth, round lump beneath the skin
* Slow growth over time
* Usually painless
* A small central opening (punctum) may be visible
* Thick, whitish or yellowish material may drain if the cyst ruptures
* Redness, tenderness, warmth, or swelling if infected
Commonly Affected Areas
* Face
* Scalp
* Neck
* Back
* Chest
* Shoulders
* Groin (less commonly)
Who is at Risk?
* Adults, especially between 20 and 50 years of age
* People with acne-prone or oily skin
* Individuals with previous skin injuries
* Those with a history of epidermoid cysts
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through a clinical examination by a dermatologist. Occasionally, imaging or a biopsy may be recommended if the diagnosis is uncertain or to exclude other skin conditions.
Prevention
Although sebaceous (epidermoid) cysts cannot always be prevented, the following may help reduce the risk:
* Maintain good skin hygiene.
* Avoid squeezing or picking at skin lesions.
* Treat acne and other skin conditions promptly.
* Protect the skin from unnecessary trauma.
When to See a Dermatologist
Consult a dermatologist if the cyst grows rapidly, becomes painful, red, or swollen, repeatedly becomes infected, drains foul-smelling material, or interferes with daily activities. Any new or changing skin lump should be evaluated to confirm the diagnosis.
